Design Considerations

8min
PLANNING
Site Planning
Site planning for a spa or wellness center involves carefully considering the layout and design of the physical location and building orientation to create a harmonious and functional space. Here are some key considerations for site planning:
Location: Choose a location that is easily accessible and convenient for members. Consider factors such as proximity to residential areas, transportation options (carts vs cars), and visibility from main roads. Situate the spa on the site to avoid sources of odors that would detract from the spa experience such as kitchen exhaust, laundry exhaust, equestrian areas.
Natural Environment: Assess the natural surroundings and incorporate elements that enhance the spa experience. Consider views, scenic vistas, natural light, and opportunities for outdoor spaces like gardens, terraces, courtyards, and landscaped areas that promote a connection with nature. Orient the building to capture opportunities for natural light and integration of interior and exterior areas.
Zoning and Regulations: Understand local zoning regulations and ensure that your spa or wellness center complies with all applicable laws. Consider parking requirements, setbacks, and any other restrictions or regulations specific to your location.
Parking and Accessibility: Evaluate the parking requirements and plan appropriately for peak use. Allocate adequate space for parking to accommodate Members, staff, and service partners. Ensure that the parking area is conveniently located and easily accessible. Incorporate accessible parking spaces and pathways to comply with accessibility guidelines.
Entrance and Reception: Design an inviting and welcoming entrance that sets the tone for the spa experience. Consider elements like landscaping, signage, and a well-designed reception area that provides a seamless check-in process.
Outdoor Spaces: If the site allows, create outdoor spaces that provide opportunities for relaxation and wellness activities. Design gardens, courtyards, or terraces where guests can enjoy fresh air, engage in meditation or yoga, or simply unwind in a natural environment.
Building Placement and Layout: Determine the optimal placement of buildings or structures on the site to maximize functionality and flow. Consider factors such as views, privacy, and the relationship between different spa areas. Plan the layout to facilitate easy navigation and efficient operational flow for guests and staff. Create a circulation path for Members to access the spa/wellness facilities without passing through other functional spaces, restaurants, or back of house traffic ways.
Landscaping and Green Spaces: Incorporate landscaping features that complement the spa's ambiance and wellness focus. Use native plants, trees, and greenery to create a soothing and aesthetically pleasing environment. Consider water features, pathways, and seating areas to enhance the overall atmosphere. Consider herbal gardens and small farms that provide raw ingredients for application in therapies and culinary experiences.
Privacy and Noise Control: The management of sound, inside and outside of the spa is essential to the spa's success. Assess neighboring properties and design the site to ensure privacy and minimize noise disturbances. When selecting a site for the spa, position the spa to avoid sources of environmental and service noises and vibrations, such as roadways, recreation courts, mechanical equipment, loading docks, service areas, and other distracting elements. If any of these situations are unavoidable, use landscaping, fencing, or strategic building placement to create buffers and maintain a tranquil atmosphere within the spa.
Utilities and Infrastructure: Ensure that the site has access to necessary utilities such as water, electricity, and sewage systems. Consider the capacity and requirements for these utilities to meet the demands of the spa's operations.
Sustainability and Eco-friendly Practices: Incorporate sustainable design practices by integrating energy-efficient systems, rainwater harvesting, renewable energy sources, and other environmentally friendly features. Design the site to minimize environmental impact and promote sustainability.
Space Planning - General Spa Design
Effective space planning is crucial for a spa or wellness center to create a functional, comfortable, and aesthetically pleasing environment. Here are some best space planning practices to consider:
Define Areas and Functions: Clearly define the different areas and functions within the spa or wellness center, such as reception, treatment rooms, relaxation areas, changing rooms, and amenities. Determine the appropriate size and number of each area based on the expected capacity and services offered. A proper spa design includes various zones that cater to different functions and experiences. The zones:
Public (arrival, retail) 
Semi-Public (salon, apothecary, gym, dining, group classes) 
Semi-Private (wet amenities, lockers and grooming, relaxation spaces, studios)
Private/Personal (treatment rooms, medical rooms, private grooming/dressing)
Flow and Circulation: Plan the layout to ensure a logical and efficient flow for members and staff. Design clear pathways that guide members through the various areas without congestion or confusion. Minimize dead-end spaces and provide ample circulation for ease of movement. The spa will be utilized by Members, staff, and service partners with different intentions and needs. 
The arrival sequence and circulation for each must be carefully planned to accommodate different use cases:
Members that will access all or any of the spa, medspa, regenerative medicine, and fitness facilities
Members using only the amenities (thermal circuit, relaxation areas, lockers, lounge)
Members using only the fitness facilities
Members using only the nail or salon services
Members using only the spa retail or apothecary (pharmacy)
Members using only the regenerative medical services
Members with disabilities or special needs
BOH traffic (deliveries, service, cleaning, laundry and supplies)
Reception and Waiting Area: Design a welcoming and comfortable reception area that provides an efficient check-in process for guests. Include seating, a reception desk, and storage for guest belongings. Ensure a smooth transition from the reception area to other spaces within the spa.
Treatment Rooms: Allocate space for treatment rooms that offer privacy and tranquility. Consider the number of treatment rooms required based on the expected demand and types of services provided. Design each room to accommodate the necessary equipment, furniture, and storage while allowing ample space for therapists to move around comfortably.
Relaxation Areas: Create dedicated relaxation areas where guests can unwind before or after treatments. Design comfortable seating arrangements, ambient lighting, and soothing decor to promote relaxation. Consider incorporating elements such as quiet zones, meditation spaces, or relaxation lounges to cater to different preferences.
Changing Rooms and Lockers: Allocate space for changing rooms equipped with lockers or storage facilities for guests to securely store their belongings. Ensure sufficient space for guests to change comfortably, with separate areas for men and women if needed.
Amenities and Facilities: Consider the inclusion of amenities and facilities such as showers, saunas, steam rooms, hydrotherapy pools, or Jacuzzis. Plan these spaces to provide sufficient room for guests and to ensure safety and comfort.
Complementary Experiences: Plan and locate adjacencies with other facilties appropriately for the expected integration or separation between the spa/wellness and those other experiences (food and beverage, recreation, comfort stations, fitness facilities).
Staff Areas: Design functional and efficient staff areas, including break rooms, restrooms, and administrative spaces. Provide dedicated storage areas for supplies, linens, and equipment. Consider the needs of staff members to enhance their productivity and well-being. Plan separate service and back-of-house access to avoid conflicts with Member traffic.
Accessibility: Ensure that the spa or wellness center is accessible to all individuals, including those with disabilities. Incorporate accessible entrances, ramps, parking spaces, and appropriately designed facilities to accommodate guests with mobility challenges.
Privacy: Prioritize privacy by ensuring adequate soundproofing, appropriate partitions, and visually secluded areas for treatments and changing rooms. Provide discreet spaces for guests to relax and feel comfortable.
ENVIRONMENT & AMBIENCE
Acoustic Considerations 
Acoustics play a crucial role in creating a tranquil and relaxing environment in a spa. Adhere to the following general guidelines for quiet zones:

Soundproofing: Provide wall partitions with a minimum STC rating of 55. Implement proper soundproofing measures to minimize external noise intrusion and prevent sound transmission between different areas within the spa. This can include using sound-absorbing materials, such as acoustic panels, curtains, or ceiling baffles, and ensuring proper insulation of walls and floors. Address noise transmission between rooms above the ceiling plane either with floor to structure partitions or double ceilings.
HVAC System Noise: Choose HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems and equipment that operate quietly to avoid disruptive noise in treatment rooms and relaxation areas. Ensure proper maintenance and periodic inspection of HVAC systems to prevent any noise-related issues. Locate mechanical rooms and roof top units away from quiet zones when possible. Provide acoustical dampening devices at HVAC equipment to minimize transmission of sound and vibrations. Provide sound boots and other devices at ductwork to eliminate sound transfer between rooms.
Music and Audio Systems: Incorporate a well-designed audio system that allows for soothing background music throughout the spa. Position speakers strategically to distribute sound evenly without creating hotspots or excessive volume in certain areas.
Water Features: If the spa includes water features such as fountains, waterfalls, or pools, consider the noise they may generate. Opt for quiet and controlled water circulation systems to minimize splashing or excessive water sounds.
Treatment Room Acoustics: Design treatment rooms with proper acoustics in mind to create a calm and peaceful environment. Consider using sound-absorbing materials on walls, floors, and ceilings to reduce echo and reverberation. Install sound-blocking doors and ensure proper sealing to minimize sound leakage. Millwork should have high quality hinges and latches and rubber silencers for quiet operation.
Privacy: Pay attention to privacy considerations, especially in areas where guests may have conversations or receive treatments. Design partitions, curtains, or dividers that provide visual privacy while also offering some acoustic isolation.
Staff Areas: Consider the acoustic needs of staff areas, such as break rooms or consultation rooms. Design these spaces to provide a quiet and comfortable environment where staff can relax and communicate effectively.
Plumbing Noise: Carefully plan and install plumbing systems to minimize any potential noise from pipes or water flow. Proper insulation and noise-reducing materials can help in reducing plumbing-related noise. Acoustically insulate plumbing.
Flooring and Surface Materials: Select flooring and surface materials that have good sound-absorbing properties to minimize footstep noise. Carpeting, cork flooring, or rubber flooring can be effective options.
Doors and Door Systems: Provide solid core doors. Provide door and frame assembly to meet a minimum STC rating of 55. Provide acoustical sound seals and sweeps at the door. Provide rolling Teflon latch systems to mitigate latch sounds. Consider dummy sets with ball catches to minimize sound.
Noise Control Measures: Conduct a thorough analysis of potential noise sources and conduct noise control measures accordingly. This may include locating noisy equipment away from quiet areas, incorporating sound barriers, or using noise reduction technologies when necessary. The treatment rooms and relaxation areas should be acoustically isolated to create a quiet zone. 

Considering these acoustic factors to create a serene and peaceful environment that enhances relaxation and promotes overall well-being for guests. 
Consulting with acoustic professionals during the design phase can further ensure optimal acoustic performance throughout the spa.
Member Comfort
Some important design elements in a spa environment/ambience are:
Lighting
Lighting is a crucial element in spa design. The lighting required or recommended for a spa treatment room should create a relaxing and calming environment while providing adequate illumination for the therapist to perform treatments.  The lighting should be soft and warm, and can be enhanced with candles, dimmer switches, or colored lights. Lighting should also be adjustable to accommodate guests' individual preferences. Some types of lighting that are commonly used in spa treatment rooms include:
Dimmable Lighting: Dimmable lighting allows for flexibility in the treatment room. The lights can be dimmed to create a calming ambiance, while brighter illumination is available for tasks such as cleaning and preparation.
Indirect Lighting: Indirect lighting is a soft, diffused light that is designed to create a relaxing atmosphere. This can be achieved through the use of wall sconces, table lamps or indirect lighting fixtures.
Warm Lighting: Warm lighting with a soft yellow hue is ideal for creating a calming and relaxing environment. This type of lighting is often used in conjunction with dimmable and indirect lighting to create an optimal treatment room ambiance.
Natural Lighting: If possible, incorporating natural light from windows or skylights can provide a soothing and calming effect. However, it's important to ensure that the natural light can be blocked out for treatments that require complete darkness.
Task Lighting: Task lighting is essential for the therapist to perform treatments accurately. This may include focused lighting in areas such as the facial or nail treatment areas.
Maintenance/Cleaning: Provide bright overhead lighting that illuminates the entire space for after hours cleaning and maintenance.
Sound 
The sound environment should be designed to provide a tranquil and soothing atmosphere. A calming playlist or ambient sounds can be used to promote relaxation. Sound-absorbing materials can also be used to reduce noise and minimize disturbances.
Color
The color scheme should be chosen carefully to create a calming and relaxing tone. Soft, muted colors such as blues, greens, and earth tones are ideal for a spa environment. The use of natural materials such as wood and stone can also contribute to the overall calming effect.
Space
The spa should be designed to create an atmosphere of tranquility and relaxation. This can include comfortable seating areas, cozy nooks, or private spaces designed specifically for treatments. The use of plants and natural elements can also help to create a peaceful environment.
Decor
The decor should be chosen carefully to create a cohesive and relaxing environment. This can include art, sculptures, or other decorative elements that promote relaxation, such as water features or plants. The use of organic materials such as natural fabrics or woven baskets can also contribute to the overall ambience.
By incorporating these design elements into a spa environment, it can create a relaxing and peaceful atmosphere that promotes wellness and invites guests to relax and rejuvenate.
SUSTAINABILITY
Incorporating eco-friendly and sustainable design practices is a great way for a spa to reduce its environmental impact and promote a more sustainable approach. Here are some ways a spa can achieve this:
Energy Efficiency: Implement energy-efficient lighting systems, such as LED lights, and use motion sensors or timers to control lighting and HVAC systems. Ensure proper insulation and consider using energy-efficient appliances and equipment.
Water Conservation: Install low-flow fixtures for sinks, showers, and toilets to minimize water consumption. 
Utilize water-efficient technologies like dual-flush toilets and sensor-activated faucets. 
Promote the responsible use of water by minimizing the use of high water volume treatments such as Vichy rooms.
When appropriate specify waterless urinals. Waterless urinal technology continues to improve however operational issues do persist. Consult a plumbing specialist before specifying the waterless urinals.
Consider touchless faucets in public areas other than the men’s locker room. 
*Touchless faucets create difficulties for male guests to adjust the water temperature when shaving and should not be used or used in addition to standard faucets in men’s locker rooms.
Include low flow aerators that restrict water flow by at locker room lavatories and treatment rooms.
Utilize efficient water heaters.
Promote water wise landscaping. 
Collect and reuse rainwater for irrigation purposes. 
Sustainable Materials: Opt for sustainable and eco-friendly building materials, such as recycled or reclaimed wood, bamboo, cork, or natural stone. Use non-toxic paints and finishes with low volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Choose furniture and décor made from sustainable materials.
Indoor Air Quality: Prioritize good indoor air quality by using low VOC paints, adhesives, and sealants. Implement proper ventilation systems to circulate fresh air and remove pollutants. Incorporate plants to improve air quality and create a soothing atmosphere.
Renewable Energy Sources: Consider installing solar panels or utilizing other renewable energy sources to power spa operations. Generate clean energy on-site or purchase renewable energy credits from certified providers.
Waste Reduction and Recycling: Establish a comprehensive waste management system that encourages recycling and composting. Minimize single-use products and opt for reusable or refillable containers for amenities and products.
Sustainable Spa Products: Offer organic, natural, and locally sourced spa products that are free from harmful chemicals and promote sustainability. Partner with eco-conscious suppliers and use environmentally friendly packaging materials.
Green Landscaping: Design outdoor spaces with native, drought-resistant plants to minimize water usage. Incorporate green roofs or living walls to improve insulation, reduce runoff, and provide natural aesthetics.
Education and Awareness: Educate staff and clients about the spa's commitment to sustainability. Promote eco-friendly practices and encourage guests to participate in sustainable initiatives, such as towel and linen reuse programs.
Certifications and Green Building Standards: Consider obtaining certifications like LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) or Green Spa Network's Green Spa Certification to demonstrate the spa's commitment to sustainability and gain recognition in the industry.
Incorporate these eco-friendly practices to reduce a spa's environmental footprint, create a healthier environment for guests and staff, and contribute to a more sustainable future.
Design Approval Process
Spa Adjacency | Diagram